Glossary S
- saved object
- A variable that retains its association status, allocation status,
definition status, and value after execution of a RETURN or END statement
in the scoping unit containing the declaration.
- scalar
- Pertaining to data items with a rank of zero. A single data object
of any intrinsic or derived data type. Contrast with array.
See also rank-one
object.
- scalar
memory reference
- A reference to a scalar variable, scalar record field, or array element
that resolves into a single data item (having a data type) and can be assigned
a value with an assignment statement. It is similar to a scalar reference,
but it excludes constants, character substrings, and expressions.
- scalar reference
- A reference to a scalar variable, scalar record field, derived-type
component, array element, constant, character substring, or expression
that resolves into a single data item having a data type.
- scalar variable
- A variable name specifying one storage location.
- scale factor
- A number indicating the location of the decimal point in a real number
and, if there is no exponent, the size of the number on input.
- scope
- The portion of a program in which a declaration or a particular name
has meaning. Scope can be global (throughout an executable program), scoping
unit (local to the scoping unit), or statement (within a statement, or
part of a statement).
- scoping unit
- The part of the program in which a name has meaning. It is one of the
following:
- A program unit or subprogram
- A derived-type definition
- A procedure interface body
- Scoping units cannot overlap, though one scoping unit can contain
another scoping unit. The outer scoping unit is called the host scoping
unit.
- screen coordinates
- Coordinates relative to the upper left corner of the screen.
- section subscript
- A subscript list (enclosed in parentheses and appended to the array
name) indicating a portion (section) of an array. At least one of the subscripts
in the list must be a subscript triplet or vector subscript. The number
of section subscripts is the rank of the array. See also
array
section, subscript,
subscript
triplet, and vector
subscript.
- seed
- A value (which can be assigned to a variable) that is required in order
to properly determine the result of a calculation; for example, the argument
i in the random number generator (RAN) function syntax:
y = RAN (i)
- selector
- A mechanism for designating the following:
- Part of a data object (an array element or section, a substring, a
derived type, or a structure component)
- The set of values for which a CASE block
is executed
- sequence
- A set ordered by a one-to-one correspondence with the numbers 1 through
n, where n is the total number of elements in the sequence. A sequence
can be empty (contain no elements).
- sequential
access
- A method for retrieving or storing data in which the data (record)
is read from, written to, or removed from a file based on the logical order
(sequence) of the record in the file. (The record cannot be accessed directly.)
Contrast with direct
access.
- sequential
file organization
- A file organization in which records are stored one after the other,
in the order in which they were written to the file.
- shape
- The rank and extents of an array. Shape can be represented by a rank-one
array (vector) whose elements are the extents in each dimension.
- shape conformance
- Pertains to the rule concerning operands of binary intrinsic operations
in expressions: to be in shape conformance, the two operands must
both be arrays of the same shape, or one or both of the operands must be
scalars.
- short
field termination
- The use of a comma (,) to terminate the field of a numeric data edit
descriptor. This technique overrides the field width (w) specification
in the data edit descriptor and therefore avoids padding of the input field.
The comma can only terminate fields less than w characters long. See
also data edit
descriptor.
- signal
- The software mechanism used to indicate that an exception condition
(abnormal event) has been detected. For example, a signal can be generated
by a program or hardware error, or by request of another program.
- single-precision
constant
- A processor approximation of the value of a real number that occupies
4 bytes of memory and can assume a positive, negative, or zero value. The
precision is less than a constant of double-precision type. For the precise
ranges of the single-precision constants, see
Data Representation in
the Programmer's Guide. See also
denormalized number.
- size
- The total number of elements in an array (the product of the extents).
- source file
- A program or portion of a program library, such as an object file,
or image file.
- specification
expression
- A restricted expression that is of type integer and has a scalar value.
This type of expression appears only in the declaration of array bounds
and character lengths.
- specification
statement
- A nonexecutable statement that provides information about the data
used in the source program. Such a statement can be used to allocate and
initialize variables, arrays, records, and structures, and define other
characteristics of names used in a program.
- statement
- An instruction in a programming language that represents a step in
a sequence of actions or a set of declarations. In Fortran 95/90, an ampersand
can be used to continue a statement from one line to another, and a semicolon
can be used to separate several statements on one line.
There are two main classes of statements: executable and nonexecutable.
- statement entity
- An entity identified by a lexical token whose scope is a single statement
or part of a statement.
- statement
function
- A function whose definition is contained in a single statement.
- statement
function definition
- A statement that defines a statement function. Its form is the statement
function name (followed by its optional dummy arguments in parentheses),
followed by an equal sign (=), followed by a numeric, logical, or character
expression.
A statement function definition must precede all executable statements
and follow all specification statements.
- statement
keyword
- A word that begins the syntax of a statement. All program statements
(except assignment statements and statement function definitions) begin
with a statement keyword. Examples are INTEGER, DO, IF, and WRITE.
- statement label
- See label.
- static variable
- A variable whose storage is allocated for the entire execution of a
program.
- storage
association
- The relationship between two storage sequences when the storage unit
of one is the same as the storage unit of the other. Storage association
is provided by the COMMON and
EQUIVALENCE statements. For modules, pointers,
allocatable arrays, and automatic data objects, the SEQUENCE
statement defines a storage order for structures.
- storage location
- An addressable unit of main memory.
- storage sequence
- A sequence of any number of consecutive storage units. The size of
a storage sequence is the number of storage units in the storage sequence.
A sequence of storage sequences forms a composite storage sequence. See
also storage association and
storage unit.
- storage unit
- In a storage sequence, the number of storage units needed to represent
one real, integer, logical, or character value. See also
character
storage unit, numeric
storage unit, and storage sequence.
- stride
- The increment between subscript values that can optionally be specified
in a subscript triplet. If it is omitted, it is assumed to be one.
- string
edit descriptor
- A format descriptor that transfers characters to an output record.
- structure
- Can be either of the following:
- A scalar data object of derived (user-defined) type.
- An aggregate entity containing one or more fields or components.
- structure
component
- Can be either of the following:
- One of the components of a structure.
- An array whose elements are components of the elements of an array
of derived type.
- structure
constructor
- A mechanism that is used to specify a scalar value of a derived type.
A structure constructor is the name of the type followed by a parenthesized
list of values for the components of the type.
- subobject
- Part of a data object (parent object) that can be referenced and defined
separately from other parts of the data object. A subobject can be an array
element, an array section, a substring, a derived type, or a structure
component. Subobjects are referenced by designators and can be considered
to be data objects themselves. See also designator.
- subobject
designator
- See designator.
- subprogram
- A user-written function or subroutine subprogram that can be invoked
from another program unit to perform a specific task. Note that in FORTRAN
77, a block data program unit was also called a subprogram.
- subroutine
- A procedure that can return many values, a single value, or no value
to the calling program unit (through arguments). A subroutine is invoked
by a CALL statement in another program unit.
In Fortran 95/90, a subroutine can also be used to define a new form of assignment
(defined assignment), which is different from those intrinsic to Fortran 90.
Such assignments are invoked with assignment syntax (using the = symbol)
rather than the CALL statement. See also function,
statement function, and subroutine
subprogram.
- subroutine
subprogram
- A sequence of statements starting with a SUBROUTINE
(or optional OPTIONS)
statement and ending with the corresponding END statement. See also
subroutine.
- subscript
- A scalar integer expression (enclosed in parentheses and appended to
the array name) indicating the position of an array element. The number
of subscripts is the rank of the array. See also
array element.
- subscript
triplet
- An item in a section subscript list specifying a range of values for
the array section. A subscript triplet contains at least one colon and
has three optional parts: a lower bound, an upper bound, and a stride.
Contrast with vector
subscript. See also array
section and section subscript.
- substring
- A contiguous portion of a scalar character string. Do not confuse this
with the substring selector in an array section, where the result is another
array section, not a substring.
- symbolic name
- See name.
- syntax
- The formal structure of a statement or command string.