This section discusses the following:
General Conventions
The Programmer's Guide uses the following general conventions. (Note that in most cases, blanks are not significant in Fortran 90 or 95.)
When You See This | Here Is What It Means |
---|---|
Extensions to Fortran 95 | Dark teal type indicates extensions to the Fortran 95 Standard. These extensions may or may not be implemented by other compilers that conform to the language standard. |
DF, LINK, FL32 | Uppercase (capital) letters indicate filenames and MS®-DOS®-level commands used in the command console. |
expression | Words in italics indicate placeholders for information that you must supply. A file-name is an example of this kind of information. Italics are also used to introduce new terms. |
[optional item] | Items inside single square brackets are optional. In some examples, square brackets are used to show arrays. |
{choice1 | choice2} | Braces and a vertical bar indicate a choice among two or more items. You must choose one of the items unless all of the items are also enclosed in square brackets. |
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A horizontal ellipsis (three dots) following an item indicates that the item preceding the ellipsis can be repeated. In code examples, a horizontal ellipsis means that not all of the statements are shown. |
compiler option | This term refers to Windows options, OpenVMS qualifiers, and Tru64 UNIX and Linux options that can be used on the compiler command line. |
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This kind of type is used for program examples, program output, and error messages within the text. An exclamation point marks the beginning of a comment in sample programs. Continuation lines are indicated by an ampersand ( & ) after the code at the end of a line to be continued and before the code on the following line. |
AUTOMATIC, INTRINSIC, WRITE | Bold capital letters indicate Compaq® Fortran statements, functions,
subroutines, and keywords. Keywords are a required part of statement syntax,
unless enclosed in brackets as explained above.
In the sentence, "The following steps occur when a DO WHILE statement is executed," the phrase DO WHILE is a Compaq Fortran keyword. Bold lowercase letters are used for keywords of other languages. In the sentence, "A Fortran subroutine is the equivalent of a function of type void in C," the word void is a keyword of C. |
Fortran | This term refers to language information that is common to ANSI FORTRAN 77, ANSI/ISO Fortran 95 and 90, and Compaq Fortran (formerly DIGITAL Fortran). |
Fortran 95/90 | This term refers to language information that is common to ANSI/ISO Fortran 95 and ANSI/ISO Fortran 90. |
Fortran 95 | This term refers to language information that is common to ANSI/ISO Fortran 95. |
Fortran 90 | This term refers to language information that is common to ANSI/ISO Fortran 90. |
Compaq Fortran, DIGITAL Fortran | These terms refer to the same language. |
OpenVMS, VMS | These terms refer to the same operating system. |
Tru64 UNIX, DIGITAL UNIX | These terms refer to the same operating system. |
Windows systems | This term refers to all supported Microsoft® Windows® operating systems. (See labels WNT and W9* in Platform Labels below.) |
integer | This term refers to the INTEGER(KIND=1), INTEGER(KIND=2), INTEGER (INTEGER(KIND=4)), and INTEGER(KIND=8) data types as a group. |
real | This term refers to the REAL (REAL(KIND=4)) and DOUBLE PRECISION (REAL(KIND=8)) data types as a group. |
complex | This term refers to the COMPLEX (COMPLEX(KIND=4)), DOUBLE COMPLEX (COMPLEX(KIND=8)), and COMPLEX(KIND=16) data types as a group. |
logical | This term refers to the LOGICAL(KIND=1), LOGICAL(KIND=2), LOGICAL (LOGICAL(KIND=4)), and LOGICAL(KIND=8) data types as a group. |
Syntax Conventions
The Programmer's Guide uses certain conventions for language syntax. For example, consider the following syntax for the PARAMETER statement:
This syntax shows that to use this statement, you must specify the following:
The dark teal brackets ([ ]) indicate that the optional parentheses are an extension to standard Fortran.
Platform Labels
A platform is a combination of operating system and central processing unit (CPU) that provides a distinct environment in which to use a product (in this case, a language). For example, Microsoft® Windows® 98 on x86 is a platform.
Information applies to all supported platforms unless it is otherwise labeled for a specific platform (or platforms), as follows:
VMS | Applies to OpenVMSTM on Alpha processors. |
U*X | Applies to Tru64 UNIX® and Linux® on Alpha processors. |
TU*X | Applies to Tru64 UNIX® on Alpha processors. |
WNT | Applies to Microsoft 2000 and Windows NT® 4.0 operating systems on AMD and Intel® x86 processors, and 64-bit Windows operating systems on Intel IA-64 processors. |
W9* | Applies to Microsoft Windows 98, Windows Millennium Edition (Me), and Windows 95 operating systems on AMD and Intel x86 processors. |
Alpha | Applies to operating systems on Alpha processors. |
ia32 | Applies to 32-bit Windows operating systems on AMD and Intel x86 processors (see "System Requirements and Optional Software" in Compaq Visual Fortran Installing and Getting Started). |
ia64 | Applies to 64-bit Windows operating systems on IA-64 processors. |